• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:NL2014252A
    申请号:NL2014252
    申请日:2015-02-06
    公开日:2016-05-26
    发明作者:Robert Wolschrijn Paul；Stuiver Jaap；Lamberts Engbert
    申请人:Novatec B V；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Nr. P100162NL01
    Device and method for cleaning waste water. Background of the invention
    The invention relates to a device and method for treating a liquid, in particular the separation and cleaning of waste water, such as process water, manure and other liquids with a content of insoluble solids and the separation of mixed liquids such as emulsions and other dispersed liquids, and separating mixtures of liquids and gases.
    In existing and known processes, for example, insoluble solids (sludge) are separated from waste water by adding micro-air bubbles under pressure. By adding micro-air bubbles, the sludge is floated upwards in the water, after which it can be scraped off by various techniques. Chemicals can also be used to promote the separation between the solid parts and water parts.
    In such processes, the water fraction is then discharged, after which the water fraction can be cleaned via filter and membrane systems. The separation between the water and sludge fraction is not complete, so that a small percentage of sludge remains in the water fraction. It is this percentage of sludge in the water fraction that causes major problems with the further filtering and purification of the water fraction. Due to the solid parts in the water fraction, the filters close and much flushing is required to keep the filters clean. In certain situations, the filtering even fails completely. The overall effectiveness of the purification is greatly reduced by the presence of the solids in the separated water fraction.
    Summary of the invention
    An object of the invention is to separate and purify waste water, such as, for example, process water and manure, into a fraction with insoluble solid parts and a water fraction with a none or a very low percentage of solid parts in the water fraction.
    Another or further object is to achieve a separation of mixed liquids and all types of emulsions, dispersions such as oil mixture and fat emulsions.
    Another or further object is to achieve a separation between liquids and gases, such as, for example, unbound nitrogen or ammonia compounds.
    To this end, the invention provides a method for separating a liquid into a stream comprising substantially water and a further stream, comprising bringing the liquid under liquid pressure, wherein the liquid pressure is greater than an ambient pressure, supplying a gas under gas pressure to the liquid, the gas pressure being greater than the ambient pressure, mixing the liquid and the gas into a fluid under a fluid pressure, maintaining the fluid pressure of the fluid during a contact time, and decompressing the fluid by outflow into a flotation tank .
    The invention further relates to an assembly for separating a liquid into a stream comprising substantially water and a further stream, in particular for carrying out the method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising: - a liquid inlet for supplying a liquid liquid under a liquid pressure that is greater than an ambient pressure; - a gas inlet for a gas under a gas pressure, downstream of the liquid inlet with a gas pressure that is greater than the ambient pressure; - a contact time increasing device, in particular a pressure tank, or pressure line downstream of the gas inlet, and - a flotation tank in fluid communication downstream of the contact time increasing device arranged for inlet of the fluid under an ambient pressure so that decompression occurs.
    The liquid to be treated will often comprise an aqueous fraction which is provided with undissolved substances. This mixture will further be referred to as waste water. In this context, waste water can for instance comprise water provided with sludge. In addition, sludge can be seen as all insoluble parts. An example of waste water can be, for example, sewage water, such as gray waste water, and / or waste water from septic tanks.
    Waste water can also be process water used in an industrial process, or industrial waste water. Such process water from foodstuffs, the chemical petrochemical industry can contain, for example, gases, heavy metals, undissolved solids and the like.
    When the liquid to be treated is waste water, it is also referred to as influence. The starting stream comprising substantially water is also referred to as effluent. The further outgoing flow is sometimes referred to as the sludge flow. In the method and device according to the invention, that will often not comprise an active sludge. Any single-cell and / or multi-cell organisms will usually be disintegrated by the decompression phase.
    In one embodiment, the liquid to be treated often comprises between 88 and 99.7 weight percent water. The method and device according to the invention are capable of treating such a liquid.
    In one embodiment, the liquid to be treated further comprises particles floating in water. Such particles can be heavier than water. The particles can also be lighter than water. In addition or in combination, the liquid to be treated may comprise materials dispersed in water. In addition or in combination, the liquid may comprise dissolved substances.
    In one embodiment, the method and device according to the invention is used for removal of bacteria, single-cell organisms and / or multi-cell organisms. A turbid liquid is then converted into a clear aqueous stream.
    A gas is added to the liquid to be treated, often waste water, under pressure. In one embodiment, the gas is essentially air. Other gases can be used, such as inert gases, or reactive gases. The gas can include nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, ozone and the like.
    The gas is supplied to the liquid to be treated under pressure. The liquid is then under a pressure that is greater than an ambient pressure. In one embodiment, when waste water is treated, air is supplied.
    In this patent application the pressure of the liquid is referred to as liquid pressure. This is based on a pressure at room temperature (approximately 20 ° C). Furthermore, in this description the pressure of the gas to be supplied is referred to as gas pressure. Here, too, a pressure at room temperature is assumed. When the gas and the liquid are combined, the mixture is referred to as fluid. The combined pressure is referred to as fluid pressure.
    To introduce the gas into the liquid, the gas pressure is at least approximately equal to the liquid pressure. In one embodiment, the gas pressure is equal to or greater than the liquid pressure. In one embodiment, the gas pressure is greater than the liquid pressure.
    In one embodiment, the contact time is approximately 1 second - 10 hours. In one embodiment, for example for the treatment of waste water, the contact time is approximately 1-5 minutes. Such a contact time can be realized in various ways. A residence time in the device can thus be realized by means of a pipe length. In one embodiment the device comprises a pressure vessel. In one embodiment, the pressure vessel is provided with surface enlarging means.
    The outgoing liquid stream is an effluent, i.e. treated waste water, embodiment. The incoming waste water, influent, is usually cloudy. In one embodiment, the effluent has a visual clarity or transparency.
    The device and method can be a batch process. In one embodiment the device and the method concern a continuous process. In addition, there is an incoming stream, often influent, and an outgoing stream of effluent and a further outgoing stream.
    Traditionally, a water purification process is divided into several process steps: 1. Primary purification, aimed at removal of particles based on their size 2. Secondary purification (biological purification), aimed at removal of organic substances 3. Tertiary purification (biological purification), aimed at removal of nutrients 4. Quaternary treatment (post-treatment), aimed at removal of specific substances
    The device and method of the invention can be used in one embodiment for primary and secondary purification, but also for tertiary and quaternary purification.
    In one embodiment, the liquid comprises more than 90% by weight of water. In addition, in an embodiment the liquid is provided with material selected from sludge, and / or from undissolved solid parts.
    In one embodiment, the liquid pressure and the gas pressure substantially correspond. The mutual pressures will often be chosen to achieve a rapid mixing of both streams.
    In one embodiment, the fluid pressure is 1-20 bar. In a further embodiment the liquid pressure is in particular 2-20 bar. Specifically, the fluid pressure is 3-6 bar.
    In one embodiment, the gas pressure is 1-20 bar. In a further embodiment the gas pressure is in particular 2-20 bar. In a specific embodiment, the gas pressure is 3-6 bar.
    In one embodiment, the fluid stream is passed through a static mixer for mixing or mixing.
    In one embodiment, before decompressing, the fluid flow is guided into a pressure container of a specific shape to maintain the fluid pressure during the contact time. In particular, the pressure container is provided with surface-enlarging means.
    In one embodiment, the contact time is 0.1-5 minutes.
    In one embodiment, the decompression, in particular a decompression to the ambient pressure, in particular to substantially atmospheric pressure, takes place within 1 second. In particular, the decompression takes place within 0.1 second. In one embodiment, this decompression is chosen so quickly that a critical saturation coefficient is exceeded for microorganisms, for example single-celled or multi-celled. This can lead to cell wall cracks. The hydrostatic pressure is reduced very quickly in one embodiment.
    In one embodiment, the assembly further comprises a mixing device between the gas inlet and the contact time-increasing device for mixing the gas and the liquid into a fluid.
    In one embodiment, the assembly further comprises a fluid pump connected to the fluid inlet for bringing the fluid to the fluid pressure.
    In one embodiment, the contact time-increasing device is provided with surface-increasing means.
    The term "substantially" as used herein should be clear to those skilled in the art. The term "substantially" may also include embodiment with "whole", "all", and the like. In embodiment, the adverb "substantially" can also be omitted. Where applicable, the term "substantially" may refer to 90% or more, such as 95% or more, in particular 99% or more, more in particular 99.5% or more, including 100%.
    The term "comprising" also encompasses embodiments in which the term "comprising" means "consisting of".
    Furthermore, the terms first, second, third and the like in the description and claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable under suitable conditions and that the embodiments of the invention described herein may operate in sequences other than those described or illustrated herein.
    The devices or apparatus described are described inter alia in operation. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to methods or devices in operation.
    It should be noted that in the claims, reference numbers when present should not be seen as limiting the claims. Use of the word "comprising" and its forms do not preclude the presence of further elements or steps than those mentioned in the claims. The article "a" does not exclude the presence of several such elements.
    The invention further relates to a device or method provided with one or more of the characterizing measures described in the attached description and / or shown in the attached drawings.
    It will be clear that the various aspects mentioned in this patent application can be combined and can each qualify separately for a split-off patent application.
    Brief description of the figures
    In the attached figure, an embodiment of an assembly and method for cleaning waste water is schematically shown in a flow chart.
    Description of embodiments
    Figure 1 shows an example of a diagram of a process, which will also be referred to here as a Cavitation Flotation module or CF module.
    In this example, waste water is brought to a pressure that is greater than the ambient pressure by means of a pressure pump 1. In one embodiment, that pressure will be approximately greater than 1 bar. In one embodiment, the pressure will even be greater than about 2 bar. It has been found that a pressure of less than 20 bar will suffice for most applications.
    Depending on the nature and amount of the contamination present in the waste water, the contaminants further referred to as sludge, an amount of chemicals can be added to the waste water to cause the sludge to flocculate or clump together. The chemicals can be dosed at different dosing points 2 in the process. The flocculation or clumping of the sludge can also or additionally take place by creating a potential difference (i.e., changing, influencing the charge of particles eg by electroflocculation), thereby binding contaminants. The choice is determined by the type of waste water to be treated.
    If waste water is purified from insoluble solid parts, it is meant insoluble solid parts larger than about 1 micron.
    In the embodiment, the assembly further comprises a pressure gauge 7 and a non-return valve 4.
    Simultaneously with pressurizing the waste water to a pressure between approximately 1 and 20 bar, air, an inert gas or mixture of gases, or of reactive gases, or mixture of gases, is added to the waste water via a compressor 8 here. in fluid line 5 at gas inflow 22, downstream of the pressure pump 1. The waste water and air mixture is kept under pressure and mixed for some time. To this end, the assembly is provided with a mixer 6 downstream of gas inflow 22. Here, the mixer 6 is a static mixer.
    Depending on the intended result, for example flotation or flotation in combination with the destruction of sludge cells, a pressure is set. A fluid pressure of between 4 and 6 bar may be sufficient for flotation. In one embodiment, a fluid pressure of approximately 5 bar is applied. The destruction of the cell walls by the pressure treatment is particularly effective at a higher pressure and residence time in the pressure vessel 9.
    An average residence time in the pressure vessel 9 is at least about 0.1-5 minutes. The average residence time and necessary pressure in the pressure vessel depends on the type of waste water to be treated and can vary between 1 second and 15 minutes.
    A static mixer 6 can be used for optimum mixing of the waste water and gas. The static mixer 6 ensures intensive contact between the waste water, air and any added chemicals.
    A pressure meter may be provided downstream of the mixer 6.
    Downstream of the mixing device 6, the assembly comprises a contact time-increasing device 9. For this purpose, a fluid line can have a path length corresponding to a desired contact time. The contact time can be achieved by the length of the fluid conduit, the diameter of the fluid conduit, the flow rate of the fluid in the conduit, or a combination thereof. In the embodiment, the contact time increasing device comprises a pressure container or a pressure vessel. In the pressure container, the fluid flows in under the fluid pressure, and flows out again under the fluid pressure. The volume and the flow rate can be adjusted to obtain a desired contact time.
    The pressure container 9 can be provided with surface-increasing means 23. In the process industry, for example, a "packed bed" is used. An object of the surface-increasing means, in particular a packed bed, is to improve the contact between two phases. The filling of the packed bed can be arbitrary such as, for example, Raschig rings 23 or other specially designed objects. These means ensure optimum contact between the waste water and the gas introduced.
    The device and method is in one embodiment a continuous operating process or a flow-through process.
    After leaving the pressure vessel 9, the mixture of, for example, waste water with the gas, such as air and any further chemicals, and which mixture has an increased pressure, becomes less than one second from the set pressure to a reduced pressure, in an embodiment atmospheric pressure of about 1 bar, brought into a flotation module 11. It is possible that due to the sudden pressure difference in the flotation module 11, the cell walls of the sludge as a result of decompression will be deformed in such a way that the cell breaks down. The cell wall is then unable to compensate for the rapid pressure drop and the cell splatters apart, comparable to the effect that occurs when a diver rises too rapidly from depth to surface (Caisson effect). The air or gas that has had a certain mixing and retention time in the pressure container 9 causes a great lift effect (= flotation) in the flotation module 11 after leaving the pressure container. This upward lift is so strong that even particles with a density are larger then water (eg sand) starts to float. The sludge leaves the flotation module via a pipe at the top 14. The average residence time in the flotation tank is often at least about 30 minutes. In many situations, the residence time is less than about 10 hours. For many applications, such as the treatment of, for example, waste water, the average residence time is around 30 to 90 minutes. The set residence time depends on the material to be treated, such as for example waste water.
    For example, when water provided with sludge with a density greater than water is treated, the CF module may in one embodiment be provided with, for example, a two-phase detection, or with a different level detection 15. The sludge that is heavier than water will settle down build up in the flotation module by displacing water. The level meter 15 measures the water level, below the formed sludge layer, or the thickness of the sludge layer itself. Once a set value of the level has been reached, the automatic effluent valve 16 of the water closes. Because the supply continues, the influent stream will discharge the sludge from the flotation module 11 via the outlet opening 14 at the top.
    It is also possible to install a skimmer or scraper (not shown), which removes the floated sludge from the water surface. Such a skimmer is used, for example, with conventional flotation techniques. In that case the flotation module can also be replaced by a flotation basin.
    The resulting clear and particle-free waste water leaves the flotation module 11 as effluent at or at the bottom through outlet 13. In the treatment of, for example, waste water by applying the CF module, the waste water is separated into a sludge fraction and a water fraction. A very low percentage of substances dissolved in water may then remain in the water fraction after treatment. In one embodiment, the percentage of dissolved substances, such as organic substances, is less than 1.5%. Due to this very low percentage of undissolved or no solid parts in the water fraction, this fraction can be further cleaned by means of conventional separation techniques, such as, for example, membrane techniques and / or filtering techniques.
    Examples of suitable post-treatment techniques are ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis (reversed osmosis). This allows the aqueous stream to be further purified to the desired water quality (discharged water, process water, irrigation water, drinking water). Due to the very low percentage of undissolved or no solids in the water fraction, the membrane and / or filtering techniques can be applied without clogging or getting stuck. The flushing volumes, the scale, and structure of these membrane and / or filtering techniques can be greatly reduced or simplified, so that the effectiveness is greatly improved and the costs are reduced.
    With larger volumes of waste water, the separated water fraction can be further purified biologically, for example for nitrogen removal in a biological treatment. Due to the set pressure and the residence time in the pressure container, many sludge cell walls can, for example, be cracked open. Because of the pressure difference created in the flotation module, the clear waste water contains a lot of dissolved organic material from the sludge cells, which can form a food source for, for example, bacteria that can absorb it from the waste water. As a result of the addition of gas, for example air, an aeration occurs in the CF module, and biological purification can work more effectively.
    Instead of further purification of the water fraction after the CF module, the clear water fraction can also serve as a source of nutrition for growing biomass. An example of biomass to be grown is, for example, algae or duckweed. The extreme separation results in a clear and transparent water fraction, which greatly improves the light transmittance of the water fraction. This makes algae growth on an industrial scale possible. In contrast to conventional separation, where often a percentage of sludge fraction greater than 2% remains in the water fraction.
    The sludge leaving the flotation module can in most cases be dewatered directly in a dewatering machine without the addition of chemicals. This is carried out with, for example, a Decanter (= centrifuge) or a Sieve belt press.
    By processing in the installation, a part of the phosphate compounds possibly present in the waste water can be bound to the sludge. For example, because phosphate compounds are poorly soluble in water. Nitrate compounds, on the other hand, are well soluble in water. These can remain in the water fraction.
    The dry matter content of the dewatered sludge will be significantly higher than with sludge that has not undergone a CF treatment. In an example, a 2 to 10% higher dry matter content is possible. This is possible, for example, by the cracking of cell walls.
    If the sludge from the Flotation module 11 is processed in a subsequent process step, such as a fermentation system, a simpler bacteriological degradation can be possible due to the digested sludge cells resulting in a higher gas yield.
    The CF module and method can be used in addition to application in the separation of water and sludge in wastewater, in countless other processes in which solid particles must be separated from a liquid. Consider e.g. recovering starch in a potato factory or reclaiming valuable substances in a cheese factory.
    The CF module and method are also extremely suitable for separating dispersed liquids. Think of separating oil and water from waste oil or removing water from drilling oil.
    Examples
    In the following examples, the arrangement according to the figure is used. The set-up was used in a continuous flow-through process or in a batch process.
    Example 1: Sewage water
    In the arrangement according to the figure, sewage water with a composition according to Table I is supplied to the arrangement. This sewage water was communal waste water from the Netherlands.
    Results in Table I below are average of 3 measurements / testing Table I: Result treatment of municipal waste water (the Netherlands)
    * chemical oxygen consumption in waste water, water and sludge according to NEN 6633 or DIN 38409 or ISO-6060, English: COD or Chemical Oxygen Demand
    Example 2: Sow manure
    In the arrangement according to the figure, sow manure with a composition according to Table II is supplied to the arrangement.
    Results in Table I below are average of 3 measurements / tests Table II: Result treatment for sow manure
    * chemical oxygen consumption in waste water, water and sludge according to NEN 6633 or DIN 38409 or ISO-6060, English: COD or Chemical Oxygen Demand
    It is to be understood that the above description is included to illustrate the operation of preferred embodiments of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the invention. Starting from the above explanation, many variations will be evident to those skilled in the art that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
    Description of parts 1 - inlet water pump 2 - inlet pump polymer 3 - flow meter 4 - non-return valve 5 - fluid line 6 - static mixer 7 - pressure meter 8 - gas compressor 9 - pressure vessel 10 - pressure control valve 11 - flotation tank 12 - inlet flotation tank 13 - outlet flotation tank for mainly water-containing stream 14 - outlet sludge flotation tank + exhaust gas 15 - level meter flotation tank 16 - automatic valve 20 - inlet of liquid to be treated 21 - inlet gas 22 - gas inflow
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    A method for separating a liquid into a stream comprising substantially water and a further stream, comprising: - bringing the liquid under liquid pressure, wherein the liquid pressure is greater than an ambient pressure; supplying a gas to the liquid under gas pressure, wherein the gas pressure is greater than the ambient pressure; - mixing the liquid and the gas into a fluid under a fluid pressure; - maintaining the fluid pressure of the fluid during a contact time, and - decompressing the fluid by outflow into a flotation tank.
    [2]
    The method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid comprises more than 88% by weight of water, and the liquid is further provided with material selected from sludge, or further undissolved solids.
    [3]
    The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid pressure and the gas pressure substantially correspond.
    [4]
    The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the fluid pressure is 1-20 bar, in particular 2-20 bar, specifically 3-6 bar.
    [5]
    The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the gas pressure is 1-20 bar, in particular 2-20 bar, specifically 3-6 bar.
    [6]
    The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein fluid flow is passed through a static mixer for mixing.
    [7]
    The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein before decompressing the fluid flow is introduced into a pressure vessel for maintaining the fluid pressure during the contact time, in particular the pressure vessel is provided with surface enlarging means.
    [8]
    The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the contact time is 0.1-5 minutes.
    [9]
    The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the decompression, in particular a decompression to the ambient pressure, in particular to substantially atmospheric pressure, takes place within 1 second, in particular within 0.1 second.
    [10]
    An assembly for separating a liquid into a stream comprising substantially water and a further stream, in particular for carrying out the method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising: - a liquid inlet for supplying a liquid under a fluid pressure that is greater than an ambient pressure; - a gas inlet for a gas under a gas pressure, downstream of the liquid inlet with a gas pressure that is greater than the ambient pressure; - a contact time-increasing device, in particular a pressure tank, downstream of the gas inlet, and - a flotation tank in fluid communication, arranged downstream of the contact time-increasing device adapted to allow the fluid to be introduced under an ambient pressure so that decompression occurs.
    [11]
    The assembly of claim 10, further comprising a mixing device between the gas inlet and the contact time increasing device for mixing the gas and the liquid into a fluid.
    [12]
    The assembly according to any of the preceding claims 10-11, further comprising a fluid pump connected to the fluid inlet for bringing the fluid to the fluid pressure.
    [13]
    The assembly according to any of the preceding claims 10-12, wherein the contact time enhancing device is provided with surface enhancing means.
    [14]
    The assembly according to any of the preceding claims 10-13, further comprising a pressure reduction valve between the contact time increasing device and the flotation tank, in particular at an inlet of the flotation tank.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NL2014252B1|2016-06-10|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    TWI245667B|2005-05-13|2005-12-21|Taichi Inada|Micron bubble generator|
    WO2007059487A2|2005-11-15|2007-05-24|Shepherd Samuel L|Rapid non-equilibrium decompression of microorganism-containing waste streams|
    CN201132779Y|2007-11-25|2008-10-15|大庆摩恩达工程有限公司|Air-floatation device|
    法律状态:
    2018-10-03| MM| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20180301 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NL2013318|2014-08-12|
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